Research Skills (Write a Bibliometric Paper), Session 5: Data Collection and Cleanup

 Source: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25705734.v1

 

🔍📊 Dive into the essentials of bibliometric research with the latest session on "Research Skills (Write a Bibliometric Paper)"! Session 5 covers 📈 Data Collection & Cleanup – crucial for any researcher! 🧹✨

👉 Check it out now: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25705734.v1 #ResearchSkills #DataScience #Bibliometrics 📚🌟

 

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 Source: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/aleebrahim_ai-ai-innovation-activity-7186950655209586688-_g8s
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Research Skills (Write a Bibliometric Paper), Session 4: Navigating Data Sources

 Source: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25655601.v1

🔍 Ready to enhance your research skills? Dive into our latest session on writing a bibliometric paper!

📊 Topic: Navigating Data Sources 

📅 Explore the full presentation here: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25655601.v1

 

 Source: https://custom-writing.org/blog/falsely-accused-of-ai-cheating-tips-easy-tutorial-to-defend-yourself

 By: Daisy Hartwell

Falsely Accused of AI Cheating? Tips & Easy Tutorial to Defend Yourself

The advent of AI tools like ChatGPT has profoundly impacted the educational process, granting students access to language models that can assist in a wide range of tasks. According to statistics, 56% of college students have employed AI for assignments or exams. However, this surge in AI-assisted learning has also sparked concerns regarding the ethical use of chatbots.

Despite abundant guidance on the smart and effective use of ChatGPT, the possibility of being accused of cheating remains. Language models introduce various risks, like inadvertent plagiarism and false-positive outcomes from AI detectors. Unfortunately, any student can face allegations of AI usage in their written work, regardless of guilt. The reason for that is that educational institutions are still formulating standards and techniques to clearly differentiate between AI-generated and human-authored content.

This underscores the importance of students being aware of their academic rights and methods to safeguard those rights. In this article, we will discuss all the details of false AI-cheating accusations and give tips on behaving if you find yourself in such a situation.

Contents

1. 🤥 What Counts as Cheating?
2. 💥 Consequences of Cheating
3. 📋 Accused of AI Cheating? What to Do
4. 🧑‍🎓 Tutorial for False Accusation
5. 🎩 Who Can Help?
6. 🤖 Tools to Detect AI
7. 🧑‍🏫 How Do Professors Identify AI Content?
8. 🎉 Conclusion
9. 🔗 References

🤥 What Counts as Cheating?

In the realm of education, it is crucial to establish a clear understanding of the term “cheating.” Cheating refers to the unauthorized use of materials, information, notes, study aids, equipment, or communication during an academic activity.

Here are some forms of cheating:

1. Plagiarism. Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty in which an individual appropriates another person’s ideas, designs, texts, words, music, or any other intellectual property without providing the source or obtaining permission from the original author. For instance, copying and pasting material from a website into your work without proper citation can be considered cheating.
2. Fabrication or falsification. Falsification is the unauthorized creation, modification, or misrepresentation of information within an academic context. This form of cheating includes actions such as artificially creating data, making unauthorized omissions of information, and distorting results through inappropriate scaling, among other deceptive practices.
3. The use of devices during the exam. Using gadgets such as phones, laptops, or tablets during tests to gain an unfair advantage is also a common form of cheating. These actions may involve unauthorized access to material, communication with others, or any other violations of examination regulations.

What Is AI Cheating?

AI cheating refers to using artificial intelligence tools to gain an unfair advantage in the learning process. AI cheating represents a breach of academic integrity, as it involves presenting AI-generated work as one’s own, with severe consequences for both students and educators.

Here are some critical scenarios that can be considered instances of AI cheating:

👉 Claiming AI-generated work as your own. When utilizing AI tools to compose essays, papers, articles, or any form of written content, it is imperative to disclose the use of AI explicitly. Presenting the AI-generated work as your original creation without acknowledging the AI tool constitutes plagiarism.

👉 Rephrasing existing content. Using AI tools like ChatGPT to rephrase other authors’ work and incorporate it into your essay or paper without proper citation amounts to plagiarism.

👉 Failing to cite or citing incorrectly. When employing language models to assist in assignment writing, ensuring accurate citation of the AI tool in your references is vital. Failure to acknowledge the use of AI may result in plagiarism accusations.

👉 Manipulating online examination systems. AI models often automate exams and quizzes, allowing students to cheat without detection. Manipulating these systems to gain an unfair advantage is a serious academic offense.

👉 Concealing AI’s role. Any attempt to hide the use of AI in your work by changing the text’s structure is unacceptable and may be seen as an attempt to circumvent academic integrity guidelines.

💥 Consequences of Getting Caught Cheating

The severity of the punishment for AI-assisted cheating typically depends on the student’s willingness to cooperate and their prior history of misconduct. When AI involvement is detected in academic work, the standardized disciplinary process unfolds as follows:

• the professor initiates a discussion with the student,
• if the suspicion is confirmed, they report the incident to the department chair,
• the department chair then notifies the Dean’s Office,
• finally, a disciplinary committee reviews the case and determines an appropriate course of action.

Here are the key consequences that AI cheating can lead to:

📉 A lower or failing grade on the assignment	You may be asked to revise or replace the work in which the violation occurred, resulting in a lower or failing grade for the affected assignment.
👎 XF grade for a course	In cases of significant academic dishonesty or repeated violations, a failing grade (F) accompanied by the symbol (X) will be recorded on the student’s transcript and academic record for the duration of the sanction.
🎓 Probation	Academic probation is a conditional period during which a student’s academic status is contingent on fulfilling certain restrictions within a certain time frame. Meeting these conditions is essential for having the probation lifted and avoiding expulsion.
🎒 Expulsion from the college	Expulsion from college can have various negative consequences, including disrupting your graduation plan, permanently blemishing your academic record, and limiting future career opportunities.
📛 Suspension	Academic suspension entails a period during which you are prohibited from enrolling in classes, earning credits, or receiving financial aid for one or two semesters.
🚷 Denial or revocation of a degree	Academic institutions can revoke your degree if you are found guilty of misconduct, even decades after graduation.

Despite the potential for misuse, it is vital to remember that not every use of ChatGPT constitutes academic misconduct. On the contrary, many universities allow ChatGPT for specific purposes.

📋 What to Do When Accused of AI Cheating

Wrongful accusations of using AI tools have become a big concern for students today. Many cases involve AI detection algorithms incorrectly flagging legitimate work as plagiarism or chatbot cheating. So, what should you do if you find yourself in such a predicament? First and foremost, it is crucial to prepare yourself mentally, remain composed, and understand that you have every right to defend your integrity.

In the following paragraphs, we have prepared a mini guide on what to do if you are accused of AI cheating.

1. Keep Calm

False accusations of AI cheating can be very demoralizing and lead to anxiety or other mental distress. However, it’s essential to remember that you have a chance to restore your reputation. Here are four crucial steps to help you mentally prepare for the battle to uphold your rights and honesty:

1. Stay calm and assess the situation. Even if you are innocent, false accusations of AI cheating can trigger various emotions, ranging from frustration to panic. Your goal is to acknowledge your current circumstances and maintain a calm demeanor.
2. Acknowledge natural feelings of guilt. When faced with accusations, it is natural to experience guilt. Recognize these feelings and acknowledge their presence, but do not let them overwhelm you.
3. Preserve your energy. False accusations often generate more allegations and rumors. Defend yourself when necessary, but do not waste your energy dealing with trivial rumors or minor offenses.
4. Seek support from friends and family. Discussing your situation with close friends or family members is advisable, as they will most likely trust your innocence. In addition, you can turn to a professional therapist to help you navigate this challenging situation.

2. Know Your Rights

The second crucial step is to familiarize yourself with your rights to protect them properly. Students seeking to dispute their accusations can start by gathering evidence and collecting witness statements from their peers and academic supervisors. Remember that each school and college may have different policies, so research is necessary to understand your rights within your institution.

For example, according to the Code of Behavior on Academic Matters at the University of Toronto, a student’s rights are as follows:

• You have the right not to drop the course implicated in the allegation.
• If you receive sanctions for an academic offense, you may be ineligible to receive credit for the course, even if it is designated as CR/NCR.
• You must regularly check your corporate address since all correspondence will be emailed to you.
• If the suspected misbehavior occurs during a faculty exam, it will be promptly reported to the Student Academic Integrity Unit.
• You have the right to seek advice and/or be accompanied by counsel during your meeting with the Dean’s designate.

3. Fight Back

The most challenging phase of defending your innocence is the actual battle. We recommend first having a conversation with the teacher who accused you of cheating. This will let you to embrace their perspective and share your concerns about the situation. It is still possible to resolve the issue amicably at this stage, potentially avoiding the need for further investigation. However, if the initial conversation does not help, you must deal with all the formalities, including hearings and debates.

A university plagiarism committee will initiate an internal investigation, and you should use the results of the plagiarism check of your text, along with any supporting evidence, to demonstrate your innocence. If they allow you to edit the text and mitigate the possible consequences, consider accepting their offer with gratitude. In the future, you’ll likely be more vigilant about checking your work for AI content and plagiarism before submitting it.

🧑‍🎓 Students Tutorial When Falsely Accused of Cheating

We have prepared a detailed guide that will come in handy if you are falsely accused of cheating:

1. Understand the specific allegations. Carefully analyze the allegations and the evidence used to support them.
2. Gather evidence. Collect as much evidence as possible, including any notes and outlines you used for the assignment in question.
3. Prepare a detailed defense. Craft a concise and professional email to your teacher or disciplinary committee, presenting your side of the story with all the necessary evidence and documents. 
4. Request a meeting. Initiate a meeting with your teacher or disciplinary committee to provide a clear and detailed explanation of your perspective.
5. Prepare for the hearing. Thoroughly prepare for the meeting, ensuring you have all supporting documents and anticipate potential questions, rehearsing your responses in advance. 
6. Attend the hearing. Consider having a trusted person accompany you to the hearing to take notes and provide support, which can help calm your nerves.
7. Appeal if necessary. If you’re dissatisfied with the disciplinary committee’s decision, consider writing a formal appeal expressing your concerns and frustrations.
8. Learn and move forward. Being falsely accused of cheating can be distressing, but it’s essential to learn from the experience to avoid similar situations in the future.

Which evidence to gather?

Your evidence should include a version history of your work created with Google Docs and Microsoft Word, as well as any notes, outlines, or similar assignments you have completed in the past. In addition, collect all the sources you used while working on the task, including textbooks, papers, class drafts, and records of consultations with professors or peers. Remember, the more evidence you gather, the better your chances of refuting the accusations.

🎩 Who Can Help You with an AI Cheating Accusation?

While following the standard procedures and protocols is important, seeking guidance and support from university or legal professionals can also be helpful. In the following paragraphs, we will discuss who can be of assistance and how they can be helpful when facing false accusations of cheating.

Academic Advisors

If you cannot reach an agreement with your instructor, seek assistance from the Chair or Director of the department. As the instructor’s supervisor, they can mediate the situation, provide an explanation, and outline your available options. If the Director believes you were unjustly accused, they can advocate on your behalf. If they determine your actions constitute academic dishonesty, you have two choices: accept the disciplinary action and the assigned penalty or escalate the matter further.

Lawyers

Legal counsel can be highly beneficial if you are concerned about your ability to articulate your position clearly or need assistance with evidence collection and presentation. Lawyers have the skills and resources to research your devices to find supporting evidence and effectively present your position to the hearing officers. They can help build a strong defense, demonstrating that you did extensive research and did not plagiarize. Moreover, you can consult with lawyers to protect yourself from questionable device monitoring to slow down any hasty judgments that your educational institution might otherwise make.

Psychological Support

Given that student mental health is often the first casualty in such situations, it is crucial to get the appropriate support, for example, psychological assistance. You can confide in close friends, family members, or a qualified professional to share your emotions and concerns. In addition, you can draw on the experiences of other students who have faced similar situations to understand that you are not alone, helping to alleviate the pressure. If you find it overwhelming to handle the stressors on your own, do not hesitate to utilize an on-campus mental health support program or schedule an appointment with a psychologist.

🤖 Tools to Detect AI

We strongly recommend thoroughly examining each assignment before submission to uphold academic integrity and prevent potential issues. While teachers often employ plagiarism-checking tools, it’s worth noting that most of these detectors are not 100% reliable. They may occasionally overlook AI-generated text or erroneously flag an honest student’s work.

In the following paragraphs, we will discuss the top 5 AI detectors in detail:

   1. AI Checker for Essays by Custom-Writing.org

Custom-Writing.org’s AI Checker for Essays is an online AI detection tool designed for checking essays or research papers. To utilize this tool, paste text (up to 4500 characters) into the designated field and provide a brief explanation (up to 250 characters). Then, click the “Analyze” button and get the results.

The AI Generator Checker will display two graphs and the analyzed text. Words will be highlighted in different colors based on their likelihood of being generated by AI.

2. Chat GPT Detector by StudyCorgi

StudyCorgi’s ChatGPT Detector is a valuable online tool that helps assess the authenticity of your writing, scanning it for potential AI influence. Simply paste the content you wish to analyze (up to 4500 characters) and provide a topic, title, or brief description. Then, click the “Check the text” button, and the tool will provide you with a result.

The tool will present two bar charts as well as a detailed analysis of the text. Words will be highlighted according to their probability of being AI-generated.

3. Originality AI

With the help of Originality AI, you can identify GPT-3, GPT-3.5, ChatGPT, and GPT-4 content with an accuracy of up to 99%. It allows you to directly scan text in Google Docs, as the tool supports a Chrome Extension.

With the team management feature, you can add and remove an unlimited number of team members and access a record of all their activities in the detector. This is useful for sharing the results with your advisors or classmates.

4. GPTZero 

GPTZero provides you with a perplexity score, indicating the level of randomness in a text. This score helps you determine whether AI created the text and identify any uniformity or patterns in the analyzed piece. Sentences most likely generated by AI are highlighted so you can see the risky parts immediately.

5. Turnitin

Turnitin is an AI detection tool widely used in colleges worldwide to help educators uphold academic integrity while treating students fairly. Turnitin’s AI model analyzes the text by breaking it into segments, which enhances the accuracy of its results. Moreover, the AI detector is fully incorporated into the Similarity Report, ensuring a seamless experience for its customers.

However, professors worldwide have expressed concerns about Turnitin’s AI detection technology, citing numerous false accusations against students.

🧑‍🏫 How Do Professors Identify AI-Generated Texts?

Unfortunately, there is currently no tool that can precisely determine AI-generated content. For example, Turnitin, the most popular company among American universities, claims an accuracy rate of 98%. Even if this figure is accurate, it still implies an error rate of around 2%. As a result, at least one out of every 50 students can be wrongly accused of utilizing AI.

Here are some additional indicators that educators can use to assess whether a text is generated by AI or written by a human:

1. Lack of personal experience. AI technologies lack emotions and human experience, making it difficult for them to provide personal stories and anecdotes in writing.
2. Vague wording. AI-generated writings often appear generic and unclear, with limited variation in sentence structure.
3. Robotic sound. Due to a lack of imagination, texts generated by tools like ChatGPT may sound robotic, occasionally employing transitional phrases and standard cliches.
4. Inconsistencies in writing. AI-generated texts tend to lack the natural inconsistencies typical in human writing.
5. Overuse of data. AI tools can generate vast amounts of information on any topic, overloading texts with data and facts.
6. Different from previous works. Each student has a unique writing style with distinct preferences, sentence structures, and vocabulary. Therefore, if a submitted work significantly deviates from their past writings, it may be AI-generated.

🎉 Conclusion & Final Tips

Being wrongfully accused of using ChatGPT or another AI-based tool in the academic field can be a difficult and upsetting experience. However, by gathering evidence, understanding your school’s policies, and seeking legal help when necessary, you can successfully protect your reputation and ensure that your rights are upheld.

Here are some final tips we recommend:

• Stay calm. It is natural to experience a range of emotions in such a situation, but maintaining a clear head is essential for making important decisions and creating a plan of action.
• Initiate an open dialogue. Open dialogue is key when addressing false accusations of cheating, giving you an opportunity to explain the situation from your point of view.
• Defend yourself. If you are innocent, don’t give up. Keep working to prove your innocence until the very end.
• Be careful in the future. Use this experience as a learning opportunity. Be more vigilant about checking your work for unintentional plagiarism in the future to avoid severe consequences.

Remember, you can demonstrate your commitment to academic integrity by focusing on the originality of your work and proposing alternative methods for verifying its authenticity. We hope that our article will assist you in safeguarding your reputation! Good luck!

🔗 References

1. Academic Dishonesty Definition and Types | Academic Integrity Tutorial | Northern Illinois University
2. Academic Sanctions – The Pennsylvania State University
3. Academic Integrity Process | Current Students | Austin Community College District
4. How to prove your innocence after a false positive from Turnitin, GPTZero – The Washington Post
5. Academic Misconduct | Faculty of Arts & Science
6. 5 Ways to Handle False Accusations – wikiHow
7. What to Do if You’re Falsely Accused of Plagiarism – Plagiarism Today
8. How to Contest an Allegation of Academic Misconduct | Office of the University Ombudsperson
9. How is mental health related to academic violations? | Cohen Seglias Pallas Greenhall & Furman PC – JDSupra
10. Off to college with AI: The good, bad and prospects for cheating
11. Caught or Falsely Accused of Using ChatGPT? | Gold Penguin
12. How to Identify AI Content in the Classroom – Professional Learning Board

 

Research Skills (Write a Bibliometric Paper), Session 3: Keywords Selection

 Source: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25595886.v1
🌟 New Session Alert! 🌟 

Learn to master keyword selection in our latest presentation on writing bibliometric papers! 📊

📝 Unlock the secrets to effective research visibility and impact. 

Check it out now! ➡️ https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25595886.v1 

#ResearchSkills #Keywords #Bibliometrics 🎓✨

Research Skills (Write a Bibliometric Paper), Session 2: Defining Your Research Objective and Analyzing Examples

 Source: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25556214.v1